Calreticulin – a multifaced protein

Summary Calreticulin (CALR) is a highly conserved multi-function protein that primarily localizes within the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It participates in various processes cells, including glycoprotein chaperoning, regulation Ca 2+ homeostasis, antigen processing and presentation for adaptive immune response, cell adhesion/migration, proliferation, immunogenic death, gene expression RNA stability. The role CALR assembly, retrieval surface MHC class I molecules well known. A fraction total cellular localized cytosol, following its retro-translocation from ER. In stress conditions, also expressed on via an interaction with phosphatidylserine inner leaflet plasma membrane. abovementioned mechanism relevant recognition as immunogenicity phagocytic uptake proapoptotic apoptotic cells. Lastly, presence exon 9 mutations was confirmed patients myeloproliferative neoplasms. Their results abnormal structure due to loss ER-retention sequence, extra-ER localisation, formation complex thrombopoietin receptor, oncogenic transformation hematopoietic stem known mutants are induce T response. Despite this fact, mutant positive cells emerge. last phenomenon probably result inhibition phagocytosis cancer exposing by dendritic